Refine your search
Co-Authors
- Narinder Singh Rana
- V. P. Ubarhande
- M. D. Behera
- N. Patidar
- V. S. Chitale
- N. Behera
- D. Gupta
- S. Matin
- V. Tare
- D. J. Sen
- Parvinder S. Sandhu
- Dalvinder Singh Dhaliwal
- Dalvinder S. Dhaliwal
- A. K. Pattanaik
- B. P. Mishra
- K. Pal
- D. Mishra
- Nitin Jain
- Kirti Walia
- Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
- Naveen Kumar
- Vinay Kukreja
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Panda, S. N.
- Penetration Rate in the Virtual World and its Effects on Economy
Abstract Views :340 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 RIMT-Regional Institute of Mgt & Tech., Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, IN
1 Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, IN
2 RIMT-Regional Institute of Mgt & Tech., Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Network and Information Security, Vol 1, No 1 (2013), Pagination: 54-59Abstract
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, for its potential to generate huge economic and social development, has been the buzzword for all the business discussions and research in last two decades. In this paper, the authors have analyzed the growth rate of the Internet in terms of active and passive users in a global scenario. The data from various internet research organizations has been consolidated and used to deduce that the penetration of Internet, in the developed as well as developing economies of the world, is consistently increasing. As the number of users of the Internet increases, it would either have a positive or a negative impact on the economy of the country. The direction and extent of the effect has been studied in this paper.Keywords
ICT, Penetration Rate, Active Users, Sustainability
References
- Lancieri, L. & Durand, N. (2006). Internet user behavior: Compared study of the access traces and application to the discovery of communities. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 36(1), 208-219.
- Kang, H., Bagchi-sen, S., Rao, H. R. & Banerjee, S. (2005). Internet skeptics: An analysis of intermittent users and net dropouts. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 24(2), 26-31.
- UNCTAD Secretariat. (2005). Information Economy Report 2005.
- McKinsey & Company. (2011, May). Internet matters: The Net’s sweeping impact on growth, jobs, and prosperity. McKinsey Global Institute.
- McCarthy, J. C. (1999). The social impact of electronic commerce. IEEE Communication Magazine, 37(9), 53-57.
- Marcus, J. S. (2005). Broadband adoption in Europe. IEEE Communications Magazine, 43(4), 18-20.
- Heddaya, A. (2002). An economically scalable Internet. IEEE Transaction on Computer, 35(9), 93-95.
- Pierce J (2006). World Internet project report finds large percentages of non-users, and significant gender disparities in going online. Annenberg Communication Journal.
- Hargittai, E. (2003). The Digital Divide and What to Do About It. CA: Academic Press.
- Chen, W., Boase, J. & Wellman, B. (2002). The global villagers: comparing Internet users and uses around the world. The Internet in Everyday Life (pp. 74-113). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Oulton, N. (2001). ICT and productivity growth in the United Kingdom. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 18(3), 363-379.
- Hui-Kuang, T. (2011). Heterogeneous effects of different factors on global ICT adoption. Journal of Business Research, 64(11), 1169-1173.
- Cette, G. (2001). The Effects on GDP Growth of ICT: The Case of France Over a Long Period (1980-2000). Banque de France Working Paper No. 8.
- Khuong, M. V. (2011). ICT as a source of economic growth in the information age: Empirical evidence from the 1996–2005 period. Telecommunications Policy, 35(4), 357-372.
- Oulton, N. (2010). Long term implications of the ICT revolution: applying the lessons of growth theory and growth accounting. ICTNET Workshop on the Diffusion of ICT.
- Gholami, R., Hanafizadeh, P. & Emrouznejad, A. (2010). Is ICT the key to development? Journal of Global Information Management, 18(1), 66-83.
- Martinez C A, Williams C (2010). National institutions, entrepreneurship and global ICT adoption: a cross-country test of competing theories. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 11(1), 73-91.
- Evaluation of Rice and Sweetcorn-Based Cropping System for Rainfed Upland Ecosystem of Eastern India
Abstract Views :328 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (W.B.), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur (W.B.), IN
Source
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, Vol 7, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 285-292Abstract
In the eastern India, rainfed area occupies nearly two-third of its total cultivable area. Rice is the predominant crop which is no more beneficial to farmers of the region due to its low yield. So there is a need to change in a cropping system and to find better crop substitution which can give more returns to the farmers than the existing system. With this view, the study was conducted at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur to evaluate rice and sweetcorn based cropping system for rainfed upland ecosystem of Eastern India. For this purpose two cropping systems, rice-peanut and sweetcorn-peanut were taken into consideration. Two crop growth simulation models viz., CERES-rice and CERES-maize of DSSAT v4.0 (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) were used to simulate the rice and maize yield of the region using historical weather data at Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur for the years 1978 to 2007. The field experiment was carried out and the experimental data of yield components (yield and top weight) for the years 2009 to 2011 were used to calibrate and validate both the models. The comparative assessment of economic feasibility of the cropping systems (rice-peanut and sweetcorn-peanut) was also carried out to identify suitable cropping system for the region. The results of the models validated statistically which revealed that the models can predict the yield components with high accuracy. The net income from 1 hectare for rice-peanut and sweetcorn-peanut cropping pattern was Rs. 64415 and Rs. 90330, respectively. So it was concluded from the study that, for the rainfed upland ecosystem of Eastern India, sweetcornpeanut cropping system was more beneficial than rice-peanut cropping system. Sweetcorn-peanut cropping system can be adopted for the sustainable development in the region.Keywords
CERES-Maize, CERES-Rice, Cropping System, DSSATv4.0, Rainfed.References
- CRURRS (1995). Booklet on upland rice research achievement and perspective. Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag (JHARKHAND) INDIA.
- Ghildyal, B.P. (1989). Rice production in eastern India-issues in rice research. J. Agric., 1 : 79-91.
- Hoogenboom, G., Jones, J.W., Wilkens, P.W., Batchelor, W.D., Bowen, W.T., Hunt, L.A., Pickering, N.B., Singh, U., Godwin, D.C., Baer, B., Boote, K.J., Ritchie, J.T. and White, J.W. (1994). Crop models. In: G.Y. Tsuji, G. Uehara and S. Balas (editors), DSSAT v3. Vol 2-2, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
- Kar, G., Singh, R. and Verma, H.N. (2004). Alternate cropping strategies for assured and efficient in upland rainfed rice areas of eastern India based on rainfall analysis. Agric. Water Mgmt., 67(1): 47-62.
- NAAS (1998). Harnessing and management of water resources for enhancing agricultural production in the eastern region. Policy paper.3, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, INDIA.
- Ritchie, J.T., Singh, U., Godwin, D.C. and Bowen, W.T. (1998). Cereal growth, development and yield. In: G.Y. Tsuji (editor), Understanding options for agricultural production, Kulwer Academic Publishers, Great Britain, pp. 79-98.
- Verma, H., Singhandhupe, R.B., Nanda, P., Kar, G. and Panda, D.K. (2004). Resource characterization for sustainable agriculture in AER 12. Resource analysis for sustaining water-food security. In: Selvarajan et al. (Eds), NCAP, New Delhi (India), Proceedings, 12:151-189.
- Increase in Agricultural Patch Contiguity over the past three Decades in Ganga River Basin, India
Abstract Views :206 |
PDF Views:96
Authors
M. D. Behera
1,
N. Patidar
2,
V. S. Chitale
3,
N. Behera
2,
D. Gupta
2,
S. Matin
1,
V. Tare
4,
S. N. Panda
2,
D. J. Sen
5
Affiliations
1 Spatial Analysis and Modelling Laboratory, Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, IN
2 School of Water Resources, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, IN
3 Spatial Analysis and Modelling Laboratory, Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
5 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, IN
1 Spatial Analysis and Modelling Laboratory, Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences, IN
2 School of Water Resources, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, IN
3 Spatial Analysis and Modelling Laboratory, Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, IN
5 Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 3 (2014), Pagination: 502-511Abstract
Ganga River Basin (GRB) is the second most populous river basin in the world, which has been undergoing rapid land-use change during the last few decades. Here, we analyse the landscape dynamics in Indian GRB (IGRB) using three indices, i.e. class area, mean patch size and number of patches for 14 land-use and land-cover (LULC) classes using multi-temporal Landsat satellite datasets of 1975 and 2010. Major change was observed with the expansion of agricultural lands and human settlements and depletion of forests. Agricultural lands covered the highest area (>75%), where low to medium-sized patches have increased and patches with larger size have been slightly reduced in size over past decades. The highest increase in percentage of built-up land has been appropriately captured on medium-resolution satellite imageries using visual interpretation technique. Degradation and loss of forest areas were reported in terms of landscape indices; however, the increase of plantation is a positive sign in the basin. In general, we observed aggregation of agricultural patches and reduction of forest patches in small to medium patch sizes. We argue the utility of 'onscreen visual interpretation' technique in favour of LULC mapping to achieve absolute accuracy in such a heterogeneous landscape, as it incorporates interpreter's knowledge. We appreciate the free availability of Landsat imageries having very good radiometry that has opened the doors for exercises with minimum cost. Located in one of the most fertile regions of India, the basin accommodates more than 400 million human population. This has led to expansion of agriculture and built-up land at the cost of forest and other land covers. Understanding landscape dynamics could help in designing an effective land-use policy for IGRB.Keywords
Agricultural Patch, Landsat, Landscape Dynamics, Land Use Change, Visual Interpretation.Full Text
- Profit and Quantity Oriented Two Efficient Approaches for Utility Pattern Mining
Abstract Views :187 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Computer Science & Engineering at Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Bio-Technology, Mohali, IN
2 Deptt. of Computer Science & Engineering at RIMIT Institute of Engg. & Technology, Punjab, IN
3 Regional Institute of Management & Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, IN
1 Deptt. of Computer Science & Engineering at Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Bio-Technology, Mohali, IN
2 Deptt. of Computer Science & Engineering at RIMIT Institute of Engg. & Technology, Punjab, IN
3 Regional Institute of Management & Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, IN
Source
Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 200-206Abstract
Traditional methods of association rule mining consider the appearance of an item in a transaction, whether or not it is purchased, as a binary variable. But, the quantity of an item purchased by the customers may be more than one, and the unit cost may not be the same for all items. A generalized form of the share mining model introduced to overcome this problem is utility mining. Developing an efficient algorithm is vital for utility mining because high utility itemsets cannot be identified by the pruning strategy. In this paper, we present two efficient approaches for utility pattern mining with the aid of FP-growth algorithm. The efficiency of utility pattern mining is achieved with two major concepts: 1) Incorporating the utility values after mining the frequent patterns (IUA-FP). Here, the patterns that are mined from the FP-growth algorithm are utilized to generate high utility patterns using internal and external utility. 2) Incorporating the utility values before mining the frequent patterns (IUB-FP). At this point, individual items that are less significant are taken out from the input database by considering their frequency along with their internal and external utility. Then, we apply the FP-growth algorithm in the transformed database to mine high utility patterns. Experimentation is carried out on these two concepts using synthetic dataset, T10I4D100K, attained from the IBM dataset generator and the performance study shows that the proposed two approaches are efficient in mining high utility patterns.
Keywords
Data Mining, Association Rule Mining, FP-Growth Algorithm, Frequent Patterns, Utility, Transaction Utility.- CAK-NN Algorithm:Cluster and Attribute Weightage-Based Algorithm for Effective Classification
Abstract Views :216 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Bio-Technology, Mohali, IN
2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, RIMIT Institute of Engg. & Technology, Punjab, IN
3 Regional Institute of Management & Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, IN
1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering at Rayat & Bahra Institute of Engineering & Bio-Technology, Mohali, IN
2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, RIMIT Institute of Engg. & Technology, Punjab, IN
3 Regional Institute of Management & Technology, Mandi Gobindgarh, IN
Source
Data Mining and Knowledge Engineering, Vol 3, No 4 (2011), Pagination: 216-222Abstract
The task of classification is to assign a new object to a class from a given set of classes based on the attribute values of the object. The k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) is one of the simplest classification methods used in data mining and machine learning. Although k-NN can be applied broadly, it has few inherent problems, which is why researchers have proposed different extensions of the k-NN, or even ensemble formulations of k-NN classifiers. In our proposed CAk-NN (cluster and attribute weighted k-NN algorithm) algorithm, weight is assigned to each and every attribute of the training dataset so that the accurate distance matching can be possible. In addition to, clustering the training dataset reduces the execution time that is taken for classification and the resultant clusters are used to classify test instances. For this, we have proposed an attribute weighted k-means clustering algorithm that is used for partition the training dataset. After that, each centroid of the obtained cluster constitutes the sub-sample of input database, which is then used for classification. For testing case, distance measure based on attribute weight is calculated between a test instances with the mean of each cluster of training dataset. According to the computed distance measure, k-nearest neighbor cluster are identified and the class label is assigned if every cluster is from the same class. Otherwise, the relevant data records from the k-nearest cluster are retrieved and k-nearest neighbor data records are identified. Finally, the performance of the proposed CAk-NN algorithm is compared with the k-NN algorithm in terms of computation time and Classification accuracy using IRIS dataset.
Keywords
Classification, Clustering, K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, K-Means Clustering Algorithm, Distance Measure, CAK-NN (Cluster and Attribute Weighted K-NN Algorithm).- A Comparative Investigation to Process Parameter Optimization for Spot Welding Using Taguchi Based Grey Relational Analysis and Metaheuristics
Abstract Views :259 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi, Odisha, IN
2 Production Engineering Department, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, IN
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Kalahandi, Odisha, IN
2 Production Engineering Department, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, IN
Source
Technology Spectrum Review, Vol 2, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 1-5Abstract
The present work investigate on parametric study and optimization of process parameter in resistance spot weld efficiency of chromate micro-alloyed cold rolled mild steel sheets using L25 Taguchi design of experiments. The output responses are being studied as tensile shear strength of the weldment and nugget diameter which is affected by the input variables like weld current, electrode force and weld time. Both output responses were optimized to achieve effective values by using conventional Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis and a Metaheuristics method as Genetic Algorithm. Here in present work two main goals specifically tensile shear strength and nugget diameter simultaneously optimized using multi-objective genetic algorithm. The analytical results were validated with experimental run so to analyze the efficiency of methods.Keywords
Genetic Algorithm, Grey Relational Analysis, Orthogonal Array.References
- Y. J. Chao, “Ultimate strength and failure mechanism of resistance spot weld subjected to tensile, shear or combined tensile/shear loads,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, vol. 125, pp. 125-132, April 2003.
- S. Ferrasse, P. Verrier, and F. Meesemaecker, “Resistance spot weldability of high strength steels for use in car industry,” Welding in the World, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 177-195, 1998.
- S. Dancette, D. Fabregue, and V. Massardier, “Investigation of the tensile shear fracture of advanced high strength steel spot welds,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol.25, pp. 112-122, 2012.
- C. Liang, and X. Liu, “Strength prediction of sheet to tube single sided resistance spot welding,” Materials and Design, vol. 30, pp. 4328-4334, 2009.
- P. C. Wang, and K. M. Ewing, “A comparison of fatigue strengths: Laser beam vs. resistance spot welds,” Welding Journal, vol. 70, pp. 43-47, 1991.
- K. Deb, “Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms,” Wiley-Interscience Series in Systems and Optimisation, New York, 2001.
- Secure Communication Architecture for Privacy and Authentication in Ubiquitous Computing
Abstract Views :192 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Chitkara University, Patiala – 140401, Punjab, IN
1 I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Chitkara University, Patiala – 140401, Punjab, IN
Source
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 10, No 25 (2017), Pagination:Abstract
Objectives: To change the conventional safety mechanism for the omnipresent condition. The security strategies must change with respect to the change in a specific situation. Thus, security approaches must be powerful as well as dynamic. Method: Framework of a ubiquitous computing environment consists of devices in all forms; sensors everywhere seamlessly associated to wireless networks to offer computing / communication services to the user. In this study, we have proposed an architecture that preserves the user’s privacy and authenticates the devices for secure communication between the devices and service providers. Findings: The secure architecture discussed in this research paper uses a unique pass-key exchange with a token combination during the data exchange to protect user privacy. This mechanism not only protects the user privacy but also authenticates the user. Application: This architecture can be used anywhere in the ubiquitous environment for security enhancement.Keywords
Authentication, Privacy, Secure Architecture, Secure Communication, Ubiquitous ComputingFull Text
- Identification of Effective Scaffolding to Novices Using CBLE
Abstract Views :147 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, IN
1 Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, IN
Source
Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, Vol 35, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 95-103Abstract
The aim of this study is to discover which kind of scaffolding can effectively promote learning. The past studies have shown mixed results in this regard. The process in which a domain expert gives and withdraws support in order to make a novice learner complete the task is known as scaffolding. A total of four distinct scaffold combinations and four groups were made. This experimental study was repeated twice to cross verify the outcomes using computer based learning environment (CBLE). The CBLE was designed with intelligent web program in PHP and jQuery to evaluate the solutions submitted by the learners instantly. The CBLE acted as an intelligent feedback system. In the first study, it was found that there was a significant effect of different scaffolding treatments on the learning outcomes, F (3,76) = 5.762, p=.001. The result analysis involves multiple comparisons based on Tukey HSD test and indicated that the mean score for the indirect support and adaptive fading (M=4.45, SD=1.191) was considerably different than the others. Likewise, second study also found that there was a significant effect of different scaffold treatments on the learning outcome, F (3,76) = 4.258, p=.008. The Tukey HSD test applied during the second study indicated that the mean score for the indirect support and adaptive fading (M=4.55, SD=1.19) was again significantly different than the others. The present study additionally measured the flow state of all the four groups using Kruskal-Wallis H test and found that indirect support and adaptive fading group was significantly different than direct support and adapting fading group as well as direct support and gradual fading group in both the studies.Keywords
Computer Based Learning Environment (CBLE), Effective Scaffolding, Intelligent Feedback System.References
- Anwar, I. Y., Irawan, E. B., & As’ari, A. R. (2017). Investigation of contingency patterns of teachers scaffolding in teaching and learning mathematics. Journal on Mathematics Education, 8(1), 65-76.
- Applebee, A. N., & Langer, J. A. (1983). Instructional scaffolding: Reading and writing as natural language activities. Language Arts, 60(2), 168–175.
- Azevedo, R., Moos, D. C., Johnson, A. M., & Chauncey, A. D. (2010). Measuring cognitive and metacognitive regulatory processes during hypermedia learning: Issues and challenges. Educational Psychologist, 45(4), 210–223.
- Bliss, J., Askew, M., & Macrae, S. (1996). Effective teaching and learning: Scaffolding revisited. Oxford Review of Education, 22(1), 37–61.
- Cazden, C. (1979). Peekaboo as an Instructional Model: Discourse Development at Home and at School. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, No. 17.
- Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics. Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honor of Robert Glaser, 18, 32–42.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow. The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York (HarperPerennial) 1990.
- D. González-Gómez and J. S. Jeong, “EdusciFIT: A computer-based blended and scaffolding toolbox to support numerical concepts for flipped science education,” Educ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, p. 116, 2019.
- de Pol, J., Volman, M., & Beishuizen, J. (2010). Scaffolding in teacher--student interaction: A decade of research. Educational Psychology Review, 22(3), 271–296.
- Devolder, A., van Braak, J., & Tondeur, J. (2012). Supporting self-regulated learning in computer-based learning environments: systematic review of effects of scaffolding in the domain of science education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(6), 557–573.
- Englert, C. S. (1992). Writing instruction from a sociocultural perspective: The holistic, dialogic, and social enterprise of writing. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 25(3), 153–172.
- Gaffney, J. S., & Anderson, R. C. (1991). Two-tiered scaffolding: Congruent processes of teaching and learning. Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report; No. 523.
- Hannafin, M., Land, S., & Oliver, K. (1999). Open learning environments: Foundations, methods, and models. Instructional-Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory, 2, 115–140.
- Jackson, S. A., Martin, A. J., & Eklund, R. C. (2008). Long and short measures of flow: The construct validity of the FSS-2, DFS-2, and new brief counterparts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 30(5), 561–587.
- Kaushal, R., Panda, S. N., & Kumar, N. (2020). Proposing Effective Framework for Animation Based Learning Environment for Engineering Students. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations.
- Lajoie, S. P., Guerrera, C., Munsie, S. D., & Lavigne, N. C. (2001). Constructing knowledge in the context of BioWorld. Instructional Science, 29(2), 155–186.
- Langer, J. A., & Applebee, A. N. (1986). Chapter 5: Reading and Writing Instruction: Toward a Theory of Teaching and Learning. Review of Research in Education, 13(1), 171–194.
- Li, D. D., & Lim, C. P. (2008). Scaffolding online historical inquiry tasks: A case study of two secondary school classrooms. Computers & Education, 50(4), 1394–1410.
- Martin, A. J., & Jackson, S. A. (2008). Brief approaches to assessing task absorption and enhanced subjective experience: Examining “short”and “core”flow in diverse performance domains. Motivation and Emotion, 32(3), 141–157.
- Metcalf, S. J. (1999). The design of guided learner-adaptable scaffolding in interactive learning environments. University of Michigan.
- Palincsar, A. S. (1986). The role of dialogue in providing scaffolded instruction. Educational Psychologist, 21(1-2), 73–98.
- Palincsar, A. S. (1991). Scaffolded instruction of listening comprehension with first graders at risk for academic difficulty. Toward the Practice of Theory-Based Instruction: Current Cognitive Theories and Their Educational Promise, 50–65.
- Palinscar, A. S., & Brown, A. L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehensionfostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction, 1(2), 117–175.
- P. Denny, J. Prather, B. A. Becker, Z. Albrecht, D. Loksa, and R. Pettit, “A Closer Look at Metacognitive Scaffolding: Solving Test Cases Before Programming,” in Proceedings of the 19th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research, 2019, pp. 1–10.
- Pea, R. D. (2004). The social and technological dimensions of scaffolding and related theoretical concepts for learning, education, and human activity. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 423–451.
- Puntambekar, S., & Hubscher, R. (2005). Tools for scaffolding students in a complex learning environment: What have we gained and what have we missed? Educational Psychologist, 40(1), 1–12.
- Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J. L. (2005). Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learn science from design. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 42(2), 185–217.
- Saye, J. W., & Brush, T. (2002). Scaffolding critical reasoning about history and social issues in multimedia-supported learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(3), 77–96.
- Sharma, P., & Hannafin, M. J. (2007). Scaffolding in technology-enhanced learning environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 15(1), 27–46.
- Smit, N., van de Grift, W., de Bot, K., & Jansen, E. (2017). A classroom observation tool for scaffolding reading comprehension. System, 65, 117–129.
- van de Pol, J., & Elbers, E. (2013). Scaffolding student learning: A micro-analysis of teacher-student interaction. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 2(1), 32–41.
- van de Pol, J., Mercer, N., & Volman, M. (2019). Scaffolding student understanding in smallgroup work: Students’ uptake of teacher support in subsequent small-group interaction. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 28(2), 206-239.
- Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). 1976: The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17: 89-100.